Invasion of the New Year Swimmers

It may be a bit cynical to point this out, but it’s coming up on that time of year again when the public and gym pools are going to get a little cramped. With every batch of New Years resolutions, there inevitably comes the schools of swimmers trying to get in shape.

For those people who are trying to shed newly acquired pounds from holiday feasting, swimming is a fantastic form of exercise. It not only builds endurance and cuts fat, it can develop great muscle tone through the use of interval swimming.

But for those people who make a habit of swimming throughout the year, January is sort of a pain. Especially considering that immediately prior to the New Year is probably the quietest time for a lot of pools. During the holidays regular swimmers are going to relish the wide open lanes and relatively quiet natatoriums.

That is, until the newcomers invade. Suddenly the locker room is full of people, the normal locker isn’t available and all the changing benches are wet or covered in bags, suits and towels.

Inside the pool the situation is no better, with clogged lanes and waits in line before you can finally even get in the water.

Still, take solace in the notion that this too shall pass. Give it a few months and the major portion of these water newbies will have given up on their new habits, and succumbed to their restive natures. Others will find alternative activities to involve themselves in, and yet another large portion will have found the crowded pool so horrible they vow to never return.

Some swimmers use January as an opportunity to take a break from swimming for a brief period. A lot of others will just have to adjust their schedules, showing up at unholy hours of the morning to avoid the teaming masses.

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A Brief History of Swimming Until the First Olympic Games

Although we have no early records, surely even the first humans enjoyed the health, spiritual and recreational benefits of submerging themselves in water. Our earliest visual records of swimming are Stone Age cave paintings done more than 7,000 years ago in southwest Egypt. Early written references to swimming are found in two of the oldest works of Western literature, the Greek epics the Iliad and the Odyssey, attributed to Homer, written in 8th century B.C.

In 1696, the French writer Melchisédech Thévenot published The Art of Swimming, in which he described a breaststroke similar to the one we use today. This book was became the standard reference for swimming, and one of its many readers was a young American named Benjamin Franklin. In fact, Franklin, an avid swimmer, is credited with the invention of swimming fins. In 1708, the first known lifesaving group began in China. Early swimming clubs (primarily focused on lifesaving) were also formed in Sweden, Holland and Great Britain, and soon similar groups were established all over the world.

By 1844 swimming was well established as a competitive sport in England, but British swimmers used the breaststroke. In a swimming exhibition that year, a group of North American Indian swimmers demonstrated a speedy but unconventional technique that shocked onlookers called “totally un-European.” Europeans shunned the technique for more than 30 years until an Englishman named John Arthur Trudgen reintroduced a variant of the stroke, later known as the front crawl, to the British after he learned it from Native Americans while in South America. The stroke, then called “the Trudgen,” quickly became popular in England and around the world, revolutionizing competitive swimming.

Swimming was an event in the first modern Olympic games in 1896 in Athens. There were three freestyle events, open only to men, and one freestyle event open only to Greek sailors. The swimming competitions were held in the cold waters of the sea (the Bay of Zea, off the Piraeus coast) because organizers were unwilling to spend money to construct an indoor pool.

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A Brief History of Swimming: Early Study and Refinement of Technique, 1920s-1950s

To achieve faster swimming speeds, competitive swimmers and coaches in the late 1920s began to study swimming technique. University of Iowa coach David Armbruster, a pioneer in the observation and study of swimming movements, started the practice of photographing swimmers underwater. In the early 1930s Armbruster discovered that breaststroke swimmers who brought their arms forward out of the water in a “butterfly” motion achieved a much faster stroke.

Armbruster combined these arms movements with a “dolphin kick” (performed with the legs kept together to move like a fish tail) developed at the same time by University of Iowa swimmer Jack Sieg. The “dolphin kick” was not allowed in competition, but a few swimmers used the new “butterfly arms” in breaststroke competitions in the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Two years later most competitive breaststroke swimmers were using the butterfly style, but the stroke was not accepted in competitions until 1952, when it was recognized as a separate stroke with its own rules.

By mid-20th century, Australian competitive swimmers had refined backstroke movements so that the arms were bent underwater instead of held straight, thereby increasing speed and reducing exerted force. This modified stroke eventually became the preferred backstroke method used in competitions worldwide.

Breaststroke swimmers, in search of greater speed, began trying to reduce the number of times they needed to break the water surface. At the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Japanese swimmer Masaru Furukawa surfaced only into and out of his turns, and won the gold medal in the 200-meter breaststroke. After the 1956 Olympics, breaststroke swimmers copying the technique of swimming without surfacing led to cases of oxygen deprivation and swimmers losing consciousness during races. FINA, the international governing body of swimming, thereby introduced stricter rules limiting the distances that breaststroke swimmers were allowed to swim underwater.

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Be Polite in the Pool: Rules of Etiquette for Lap Swimming

CHARLOTTE, NC - MAY 17: Aaron Peirsol jumps i...
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Are you a swimmer who’s just taken up the sport? Are you new to lap swimming in public pools? You might be surprised to learn that lap swimmers have a generally understood “code of etiquette.” Follow these guidelines to make the most of your lap-swimming workout, to stay friendly with fellow swimmers and to avoid injuries.

Know how to choose a lane. It’s often tough, especially during peak hours, to find a lane that isn’t occupied—sometimes with several swimmers. Note the speed of the swimmers in each lane. Often there are slow, medium and fast lanes. Choose the lane with swimmers who match your speed. Enter the lane at the shallow end, preferably when no swimmers are near.

Should you “split”? If there’s only one swimmer in the lane, it’s usually OK to split the lane—meaning, both swimmers use one side. Stay on your side. It’s considered poor manners, not to mention dangerous, to hog a shared lane by swimming down the center. You risk striking, or getting struck by, another swimmer.

Or should you “circle”? If there are three or more swimmers in a lane (including you), it’s often best if all swimmers swim in a “circle.” This means that all swimmers swim up one side of the lane and back on the other side, generally in a counter-clockwise direction. With circle swimming, it’s especially important keep the same pace as other swimmers.

Know how to pass. Even if you’re swimming with others of similar speed and ability, you might need to pass, or be passed. To pass, tap the swimmer’s foot lightly once, the lap swimmer’s universal “passing signal.” If a swimmer taps your foot, stop at the wall and let the person go ahead. Don’t stop in the middle of the lane. Also, don’t speed up to prevent the swimmer from passing.

Don’t jog or walk in the lanes. It’s a pet peeve of veteran lap swimmers when people enter the lane and then walk instead of swim. Pool users who want to “aqua jog” should keep to a pool area that isn’t set aside for lap swimming.

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